THE DEMOGRAPHICS OF TRADE-AFFECTED SERVICES AND MANUFACTURING WORKERS(1987-1990) - A COMPARATIVE-ANALYSIS

Using input-output data for 1987 and 1990, this study identifies the d emographic characteristics of trade-affected workers in U.S. manufactu ring and service industries. Trade-affected workers are defined as emp loyees in industries that experienced a change (positive or negative) in net total (direct and indirect) trade-related employment be tween 1 987 and 1990. For the period 1987-1990, three industry categories were examined: (a) industries that experienced an increase in positive net trade related employment; (b) industries that experienced a decline i n positive net trade-related employment; and (c) industries that suffe red net trade-related employment losses in both years yet experienced an improvement over the period. The study finds that, while manufactur ing industry workers in the most favorably affected industry group (i. e., group ''a'') were more likely to be highly skilled (i.e., scientis ts & engineers), highly educated (i.e., over four years of college edu cation), unionized, married and white males, corresponding service sec tor workers were predominantly unskilled (laborers), less educated, no n-unionized, young (i.e., aged 16-24) and male (black and white). Furt hermore, the service sector was associated with greater mean trade-rel ated employment and output gains and lower mean employment and output losses than was the manufacturing sector.