EMPIRICAL-STUDY OF MANUFACTURING FLEXIBILITY IN PRINTED-CIRCUIT BOARDASSEMBLY

This paper addresses the empirical verification of hypotheses that rel ate to the strategic use and implementation of manufacturing flexibili ty. We begin with a literature review and framework for analyzing diff erent types of flexibility in manufacturing. Next, we examine some of the propositions in the framework using data from 31 printed circuit-b oard plants in Europe, Japan, and the United States. Based on our anal ysis and findings, we then suggest several new strategic insights rela ted to the management of flexibility and some potentially fruitful are as for further theoretical and empirical research. Our findings includ e: more automation is associated empirically with less flexibility, as found in other studies; nontechnology factors, such as high involveme nt of workers in problem-solving activities, close relationships with suppliers, and flexible wage schemes, are associated with greater mix, volume, and new-product flexibility; component reusability is signifi cantly correlated with mix and new-product flexibility; achieving high -mix or new-product flexibility does not seem to involve a cost or qua lity penalty; mix and new-product flexibility are mutually reinforcing and tend to be supported by similar factors; and mix flexibility may reduce volume fluctuations, which could theoretically reduce the need for volume flexibility.