S. Ohshima et al., A RATE-ACCELERATING NONCOVALENTLY ASSEMBLED SYSTEM FOR THIAZOLIUM-CATALYZED OXIDATIVE DECARBOXYLATION OF PYRUVATE IN CHLOROFORM ACETONITRILE, Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, (8), 1993, pp. 712-713
It is found that a thiazolium ion having a thymine moiety accelerates
the rate of the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate in the presence
of a 2,6-diamidopyridine derivative bearing a crown ether and Na+ in C
HCl3-MeCN (9 : 1 v/v).