In contrast to orthodox neorealist models of 'anarchic' versus 'hierar
chical' structures, this article explores the hypothesis that the inte
rnational system today is becoming increasingly characterized by a pol
yarchic or 'plurilateral' structure. This fundamental paradigmatic shi
ft is the consequence of a long-term underlying transformation of the
system from (in Durkheim's terms) a 'simple' to a 'complex' structure.
It is argued here that the interpenetrated character of these diverse
structures, in conjunction with 'overlapping memberships' or 'cross-c
utting affiliations', is creating a situation in which 'segmental part
icipation in a multiplicity of conflicts constitutes a balancing mecha
nism within the structure.'