CARDIAC MICROEMBOLISM - PREVALENCE AND CLINICAL OUTCOME

High intensity transient signals (HITS) have been identified ultrasoni cally in patients with extracranial vascular or cardiac disease and ar e suggestive of microembolic material. We studied the prevalence of th ese signals in 60 patients with increased risk for cardioembolic strok e and in a control group of 20 subjects. Patient groups (n = 20) were characterized by either non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation (AFIB) (I) o r a history of prosthetic valve surgery with AFIB (II) or without AFIB (III). Embolic signals were not seen in the control group. In group I , 3 patients (15%) demonstrated HITS, in groups II and III 10 patients (50%). Microembolic signals in patients with prosthetic heart valves (II, III) had a higher signal intensity, indicating different embolic material. There was no correlation of microembolic signals with the an ticoagulant treatment or the position of the prosthetic valve. HITS we re found in 1/9 (11%) of the patients with a bioprosthetic valve as co mpared to 19/31 (61%) with a mechanical valve. After 6-12 months, 1 of 12 HITS positive patients had experienced a stroke and 2 had died. No ne of the 28 patients without HITS had suffered a stroke, 2 had died. Microembolic signals are frequent events in patients with mechanical p rosthetic valves. In these patients they do not appear to be a major p rognostic factor for an impending cardioembolic stroke.