The random phase approximation is reformulated to investigate the anis
otropic fluctuations about an ordered polymer phase. This very general
method is applied to the lamellar phase of block copolymers. The calc
ulated anisotropic scattering intensity captures the main features obs
erved experimentally including the secondary peaks due to fluctuations
with hexagonal symmetry. We also determined the limits of metastabili
ty of the lamellar phase as well as the bending and elastic moduli of
the lamellae.