PARASITOIDS ASSOCIATED WITH CYDIA-STROBILELLA (L) (LEPIDOPTERA, TORTRICIDAE) IN EUROPE, AND CONSIDERATIONS FOR THEIR USE FOR BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL IN NORTH-AMERICA

The parasitoid complex of Cydia strobilella (L.), a Holarctic pest of spruce cones, was investigated at several sites in Central Europe and Scandinavia. Trichogramma sp. was reared from eggs. Larval parasitism was dominated by the ichneumonids Phaedroctonus moderator (L.) and Lio tryphon strobilellae (L.) and the braconid Bracon pineti Thoms.; the i chneumonid Scambus capitator Aubert, the eulophid Elachertus geniculat us (Zett.), and the torymid Monodontomerus strobili Mayr were less abu ndant. A pupal parasitoid, the ichneumonid Tycherus fuscibucca (Berth. ), is likely associated with C. strobilella. Each parasitoid's biology is presented. A review of the North American parasitoid complex of C. strobilella suggests that Trichogramma sp., P. moderator, L. strobile llae, and I: fuscibucca may be considered for further investigation as biological control agents in North America. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc.