A. Dolgov et J. Silk, ELECTRIC CHARGE ASYMMETRY OF THE UNIVERSE AND MAGNETIC-FIELD GENERATION, Physical review. D. Particles and fields, 47(8), 1993, pp. 3144-3150
If at an early stage of the evolution of the Universe the gauge symmet
ry of electromagnetism was spontaneously broken, an electric charge as
ymmetry would develop. After restoration of gauge invariance, the asym
metry should disappear so that the net electric charge density must va
nish, the compensating charge being produced from the Higgs vacuum in
the form of heavy charged particles. Energetic products of their decay
would create an electric current and a local charge asymmetry. Altern
atively, such an asymmetry could be created even if the electric curre
nt was always conserved but an asymmetry in another nonconserved charg
e existed. The primary currents which created the asymmetry as well as
those damping it via plasma discharge could generate chaotic magnetic
fields on astronomically interesting scales. These fields might be la
rge enough to seed the observed magnetic fields in galaxies via a prot
ogalactic dynamo.