STRUCTURE AND EXPRESSION OF THE CHLOROBIUM-VIBRIOFORME HEMB GENE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ITS ENCODED ENZYME, PORPHOBILINOGEN SYNTHASE

Plasmids containing DNA from the green photosynthetic bacterium Chloro bium vibrioforme complement a heme requiring Escherichia coli hemB mut ant that is deficient in porphobilinogen (PBG) synthase activity. PBG synthase activity was detected in extract of complemented cells but no t in that of cells transformed with control plasmid. The sequence of t he C. vibrioforme hemB gene predicts a HemB protein that contains 328 amino acids, has a molecular weight of 36,407, and is 53% identical to the homologous proteins of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6301 and Rhodobacter capsulatus. The response of C. vibrioforme PBG synthase to divalent m etals is unlike that of any previously described PBG synthase; Mg2+ st imulates but is not required for activity, and Zn2+ neither stimulates nor is required. This response correlates with predicted sequences of two putative variable metal binding regions of C. vibrioforme HemB. T he C. vibrioforme hemB open reading frame begins 1585 bases downstream from the end of the hemD open reading frame and is transcribed in the same direction as hemA, hemC, and hemD. However, hemB is not part of the same transcription unit as these genes, and the hemB transcript is approximately the same size as the hemB gene alone. Between hemD and hemB there is an intervening open reading frame that is oriented in th e opposite direction and encodes a protein with a predicted amino acid sequence significantly similar to that of inositol monophosphatase, a n enzyme that is not involved in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis. The gene o rder within hem gene clusters is highly conserved in phylogenetically diverse prokaryotic organisms. This conservation suggests that there a re functional constraints on the relative order of the hem genes.