The phenomena that comprise 'resistance' in therapy are described and
discussed from a cognitive viewpoint. The cases of Brian, Julie, and V
ictoria are reviewed to illustrate similar and contrasting manifestati
ons of resistance, and suggestions for further individualized conceptu
alization and intervention are presented. Emphasis is placed on gainin
g an accurate, empathic understanding of the client's difficulties in
changing. This is coupled with methods that allow the client some auto
nomy in charting the course of therapy while reinforcing the importanc
e of the therapist's active involvement in educating and stimulating t
he client toward greater awareness and adaptability. In order to be ma
ximally effective in encouraging such changes, therapists must be awar
e of their own tendencies to react adversely to client resistance. If
is vital that therapists maintain their professionalism and confidence
in persevering toward a better understanding of what will be helpful
to their clients. (C) 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.