The Morin ring expansion of penicillin 1-oxides to cephalosporins has
been extended to norpenicillin 1-oxides. To this end, both the norpeni
cillin sulfoxide moiety and the methyl group should be beta-oriented.
Norpenicillin 1-oxides are prepared from properly protected exomethyle
ne penam derivatives using hydrogen on palladium/carbon and oxidation
with 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid or peroxyacetic acid.