A framework of the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and beha
vior was described in the context of couple's use of birth control. It
was hypothesized that when knowledge of behavioral enactment is prese
nt, attitudes and beliefs about susceptibility to pregnancy will be pr
edictive of accurate use of the diaphragm. Respondents were 111 women
who participated in a three-wave panel design focusing on diaphragm us
e. Analyses indicated that the level of knowledge about what a woman s
hould do to use the diaphragm correctly was high. Correct knowledge, h
owever, did not translate into accurate behavior. Motivational factors
focusing on attitudes, perceived susceptibility to pregnancy, and nor
mative factors were also relevant.