Ae. Kazak et al., THE PERCEPTION OF PROCEDURES QUESTIONNAIRE - PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF A BRIEF PARENT REPORT MEASURE OF PROCEDURAL DISTRESS, Journal of pediatric psychology, 21(2), 1996, pp. 195-207
Reported the reliability and validity of the Perception of Procedures
questionnaire (PPQ), a 19-item parent-report measure developed to asse
ss child and parent distress related to lumbar punctures and bone marr
ow aspirates in the diagnosis and treatment of childhood cancer PPQ da
ta from 140 mothers and 96 fathers of children and adolescents with le
ukemia in a first remission were analyzed separately Factor analyses y
ielded five factors for mothers and fathers: Parent Satisfaction; Chil
d Distress: During; Child Distress: Before; Parent Distress; and Paren
t Involvement. internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was high for th
e total score and the five factor scores as were interrater reliabilit
ies between mothers and fathers. Validity was determined using the Par
enting Stress Index-Short Form, the Pediatric Oncology Quality of Life
Scale, and parent and nurse ratings during procedures, Factors 2 and
3, assessing child distress, show strong associations with the validat
ion measures and support the distinction between distress before and d
uring procedures, This developing scale is recommended for use in the
assessment and evaluation of child and parent procedure-related distre
ss in pediatric oncology.