E. Bakmikkelsen et al., IMPROVED QUALITY OF ZINC-OXIDE THIN-FILMS BY IN-SITU ANNEALING, Journal of micromechanics and microengineering, 6(1), 1996, pp. 63-65
Zinc oxide thin films with c-axis orientation have been manufactured b
y an integrated sputtering and annealing method. Thin films annealed i
n situ demonstrate a resistivity of 1 x 10(8) Ohm cm parallel to the c
-axis, refractive index of 1.97, and compressive residual stress of ap
proximately 2 x 10(8) Pa. The method implies that a complete depositio
n, annealing, and passivation may be done in one vacuum run.