Y. Chiang et al., FLASH-PHOTOLYSIS OF 2,2,6-TRIMETHYL-4H-1,3-DIOXIN-4-ONE IN AQUEOUS-SOLUTION - HYDRATION OF ACETYLKETENE AND KETONIZATION OF ACETOACETIC ACID ENOL, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 118(14), 1996, pp. 3386-3391
Acetylketene was produced by flash photolysis of 2,2,6-trimethyl-4H-1,
3-dioxin-4-one in aqueous solution, and rates of hydration of the kete
ne to acetoacetic acid enol and subsequent ketonization of the enol we
re measured in this solvent across the acidity range [H+] = 1 - 10(-13
) M. Acetylketene proved to be a remarkably reactive substance, underg
oing uncatalyzed hydration with the rate constant k = 1.5 x 10(6) s(-1
), some 10(4) times more rapidly than ketene itself; the acetylketene
hydration reaction was also catalyzed weakly by hydroxide ion but not
by hydrogen ion. Ketonization of acetoacetic acid enol was much slower
with rates in the millisecond to second range. The reaction showed a
complex rate profile that could be interpreted in terms of rate-determ
ining carbon protonaton of the carboxylate-ionized form of the enol in
the acid region and rate-determining carbon protonation of the doubly
ionized carboxylate-enolate form in the basic region. Analysis of the
data provided the acidity constant pQ(a) = 4.05 for the carboxylic ac
id group of the enol and pQ(a)(E) = 13.18 for its enolic hydroxyl grou
p. (These acidity constants are concentration quotients referring to a
n ionic strength of 0.10 M). Combination of the present results with i
nformation on the enolization of acetoacetic acid available from the l
iterature gave K-E = 5.6 x 10(-3), pK(E) = 2.25, as an estimate of the
keto-enol equilibrium constant.