The paper describes difficulties in diagnosing individuals from differ
ent cultures, focusing specifically on cases of erroneous diagnosis of
malingering among ultraorthodox Jewish inductees. During one year, 24
inductees diagnosed as malingerers by several army psychiatrists were
re-examined by the authors and subsequently re-diagnosed as psychotic
, suffering from a personality disorder, or mentally retarded, Factors
underlying the misdiagnosis are discussed.