FRACTURES OF THE CALCANEUS .1. ANATOMY, INJURY MECHANISM, AND CLASSIFICATION

Calcaneal fractures have been treated by closed methods since the time of Hippocrates. The understanding of the anatomy, injury mechanism, a nd classification of these fractures has advanced since surgical treat ment was introduced in 1850. Despite 145 years of different treatment techniques, no consensus has been reached. Investigation into the inju ry patterns, anatomy, and outcomes has lead to the advances reviewed i n this article.