A VALENCE-BOND STUDY OF THE OXYGEN MOLECULE

Ab initio valence bond calculations are performed for the three lowest states of the oxygen molecule ((3) Sigma(g)(-), (1) Delta(g), and (1) Sigma(g)(+)). One objective of the present study was to make a contri bution to previous valence bond discussions about the oxygen ''double' ' bond. Further, we study the origin of a small barrier in the potenti al energy surface of the ground state. Two compact models are employed to maintain the clear picture that can be offered by the valence bond method. The first model has only the Rumer structures that are essent ial for bonding and a proper dissociation. The second model, in additi on, has structures which represent excited atoms. These prove to be im portant for the dissociation energies. For both models, the orbitals a re fully optimized. The spectroscopic data obtained are significantly better than are the (few) valence bond results on O-2 that have been p ublished and have the quality of multiconfiguration self-consistent fi eld calculations in which the same valence space is used. The ''hump'' in the potential energy surface of the ground state is shown to arise from a spin recoupling. The free atoms correspond to a spin coupling that is incapable of describing the formation of bonds. Only at short distances, an alternative spin coupling provides bonding and the repul sive curve is converted into an attractive one. Our results on this su bject support a valence bond explanation previously given by McWeeny [ R. McWeeny, Int. J. Quantum Chem. Symp. 24, 733 (1990)]. (C) 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.