Surgery for valvular heart disease corrects systolic or diastolic dysf
unction of the mitral, aortic, or tricuspid valves. The intraoperative
echocardiographic assessment of the native heart valve is aimed at de
fining the pathology of valve disease, determining the mechanism of va
lve dysfunction, and quantitating the degree (grade) of valvular steno
sis or insufficiency.