Chronic renal failure in childhood is associated with diverse renal co
nditions, and the progression to end-stage renal failure requiring dia
lysis and transplantation may be ameliorated by close attention to blo
od pressure control, correction of metabolic abnormalities and expert
dietetic advice. The morbidity has been improved by the availability o
f vitamin D analogues, erythropoietin and growth hormone. Dialysis and
renal transplantation are possible at any age in specialist centres.