ETHICAL ASPECTS OF INVASIVE REPRODUCTION TECHNIQUES IN FARM-ANIMALS

In this study, views on the acceptability of invasive reproduction tec hniques are confronted with ethical principles. The views of 17 organi zations are briefly discussed. Most representatives stated that a syst ematic ethical reflection had not taken place in their organizations. When exposed to ethical criteria, the majority were inclined to use an imal health and welfare effects as the main guidance. Some, however, e mphasized acknowledgement of the intrinsic value of animals and respec t for their integrity. A comparison of these considerations with gener ally accepted bio-ethical principles demonstrates the practical implic ations of the principles of non-maleficence and respect for animals. I n weighing the acceptability of human interference in animals against the benefits of reproduction techniques, a distinction should be made between disease control and mere economic goals. It is concluded that in the case of the latter, almost all invasive reproduction techniques are subject to serious ethical questioning.