Immunologic approaches to the therapy of metastatic renal cell carcino
ma have provided moderate improvement in response rates for a disease
that is extremely resistant to all forms of treatment. This article re
views recent clinical efforts using immunotherapy for renal cell carci
noma, including the adoptive transfer of cytotoxic killer cells and/or
the use of biologic response modifiers, such as interferon and interl
eukin-2.