IMPACT OF DIFFERENT SHEEP GRAZING INTENSITIES ON SALT-MARSH VEGETATION IN NORTHERN GERMANY

Mainland salt marshes in Schleswig-Holstein (northern Germany) have be en grazed intensively by sheep for several decades. In 1988 experiment al sites were established in the lower and middle salt marsh of Sonke- Nissen-Koog and subjected to different grazing intensities. From 1989 to 1993 the impact of sheep grazing on the composition and structure o f the salt marsh vegetation was studied through the yearly analysis of permanent plots, vegetation mapping and measurements of the vegetatio n height. The intensively grazed site (10 sheep/ha) is covered by a sh ort monotonous Puccinellia maritima sward with Salicornia europaea and Suaeda maritima. Halimione portulacoides and Astei tripolium, especia lly flowering plants, are rare. On the sites with 1.5 and 3 sheep/ha P uccinellia maritima remained dominant. The population density of Salic ornia europaea decreases after reduction of the grazing intensity, whe reas Suaeda maritima finds optimal growing conditions. Stands of Halim ione portulacoides and flowering Aster tripolium plants are rare near the sea dike but their cover and size increases further away from the dike. Ln the plot with 1.5 sheep/ha the height of the vegetation incre ases along the gradient from the dike towards the tidal flats, due to local differences in actual grazing intensity. When grazing is stopped , Puccinellia maritima is successively replaced by Festuca rubra, Hali mione portulacoides and Aster tripolium. High variability of vegetatio n height indicates structural diversity. Patches of higher and lower v egetation correspond with the distribution pattern of different p plan t species. In terms of nature conservation cessation of grazing is rec ommended.