The endometrial blood vessels form a vascular bed with a number of unu
sual properties. Unlike most adult vasculature these blood vessels und
ergo constant cycles of growth and regression during the reproductive
life of the female. This short review covers a number of different asp
ects relating to endometrial vascular structure and function during en
dometrial growth, implantation, endometrial regression and menstruatio
n. Video footage from in-vivo microscopy of the rat endometrial subepi
thelial capillary plexus on the morning of day 6 of pregnancy is inclu
ded in the CD-ROM. This shows the dramatic changes that occur to the e
ndometrial capillaries at the time of embryo implantation.