We introduce reference structures - a basic mathematical model of a da
ta organization capable of storing and utilizing information about its
addresses. A propositional labeled modal language is used as a specif
ication and programming language for reference structures; the satisfi
ability algorithm for modal language gives a method of building and op
timizing reference structures satisfying a given formula, Correspondin
g labeled modal logics are presented, supplied with cut free axiomatiz
ations, completeness and decidability theorems are proved. Initializat
ion of typed variables in some programming languages is presented as a
n example of a reference structure building.