THE BENEFITS AND RISKS OF OVER-THE-COUNTER AVAILABILITY OF NICOTINE POLACRILEX (NICOTINE GUM)

Nicotine polacrilex (''nicotine gum'') is effective in helping persons to quit smoking cigarettes. Because many persons try to quit without formal assistance, it may be an appropriate product for over-the-count er (OTC) purchase. Some smokers, however, might use such a product in lieu of more effective methods of cessation, and still others might us e it to cope with enforced periods of nicotine abstinence (eg, at the work place) and thereby delay their decision to quit. The study's obje ctive was to assess the public health benefits and risks of OTC availa bility of nicotine gum. A Markov model was developed and used to contr ast two alternative policy scenarios: one in which nicotine gum was as sumed to remain available only by prescription, and another in which i t was assumed to be made available for OTC purchase. Various data sour ces were used to estimate the model, including the Health Promotion an d Disease Prevention Supplement to the 1991 National Health Interview Survey and the 1986 Adult Use of Tobacco Survey. Primary outcome measu res included the numbers of persons who would try to quit smoking, the numbers who would use various methods of smoking cessation, including OTC nicotine gum, and the numbers of current adult smokers who would be abstinent at the end of 10 years. Findings suggest that an average of 3 million persons each year would use OTC nicotine gum. As a conseq uence of OTC availability, an additional 450,000 smokers would be abst inent at the end of 10 years. These results are sensitive to assumptio ns regarding the effectiveness of OTC nicotine gum, as well as to the effect of OTC availability on the use of other methods of smoking cess ation. The number of persons who would quit smoking, however, increase s under a fairly wide range of assumptions. Over-the-counter availabil ity of nicotine gum may confer significant public health benefits.