THE DEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOME OF CHILDREN BORN TO HEROIN-DEPENDENT MOTHERS, RAISED AT HOME OR ADOPTED

In the present investigation we were interested to study the possible role of in-utero exposure to heroin and of the home environment in the etiology of long-term developmental problems in children born to hero in-dependent parents in comparison to matched controls. The children w ere examined at .5-6 years of age by a developmental pediatrician and a developmental psychologist using, for the children up to 2.5 years o f age, the Bayley Developmental Scales, and for children aged 3-6 year s the McCarthy Scales for Children's Abilities. We examined 83 childre n born to heroin-dependent mothers, and compared the results to those of 76 children born to heroin-dependent fathers and to three control g roups; 50 children with environmental deprivation, 50 normal children from families of moderate or high socioeconomic class, without environ mental deprivation, and 80 healthy children from kindergartens in Jeru salem. There were five children (6.0%) with significant neurological d amage among the children born to heroin-dependent mothers and six (7.9 %) children among those born to heroin-dependent fathers. The children born to heroin-dependent mothers had a lower birth weight and a lower head circumference at examination when compared to controls. The chil dren born to heroin-dependent parents also had a high incidence of hyp eractivity, inattention, and behavioral problems. The lowest DQ or IQ among the children with cognitive levels above 70 was found in the chi ldren with environmental deprivation, next was the DQ or IQ of childre n born to heroin-dependent fathers, then the DQ or IQ of the children born to heroin-dependent mothers. When the children born to heroin-dep endent mothers were divided to those that were adopted at a very young age and to those raised at home, the adopted children were found to f unction similarly to the controls while those not adopted functioned s ignificantly lower. Our results show that the developmental delay and behavioral disorders observed among children born to drug-dependent pa rents raised at home may primarily result from severe environmental de privation and the fact that one or both parents are addicted. The spec ific role of the in-utero heroin exposure in the determination of the developmental outcome of these children (if they do not have significa nt neurological damage), seems to be less important in comparison to t he home environment.