Models are artifacts, products of design. They are artificial reconstr
uctions of nature, for a purpose. Once the purpose of the planned mode
l has been clearly established, it is generally assumed that the job o
f ecosystem model designers limits itself to deciding which processes
to include, which data to use, and how to fill gaps in fundamental und
erstanding with empirical relationships. But are things that simple? T
he increasing importance of models as policy instruments and the curre
nt new emphasis of physics on the study of emerging phenomena indicate
that they are not.