Tl. Miller et Mj. Wolin, PATHWAYS OF ACETATE, PROPIONATE, AND BUTYRATE FORMATION BY THE HUMAN FECAL MICROBIAL-FLORA, Applied and environmental microbiology, 62(5), 1996, pp. 1589-1592
The pathways of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA; acetate, propionate, and
butyrate) formation from glucose were determined for the human fecal
microbial communities of two subjects, The pathways were identified by
radioisotope analysis of the SCFA and CO2 obtained after incubation o
f fecal suspensions with glucose under 20% CO2 with [1-C-14]glucose, [
3,4-C-14]glucose, or (CO2)-C-14. Acetate was chemically degraded to le
arn the labeling of the methyl and carboxyl carbons. The labeling of C
O2 and acetate showed that the major route of glucose catabolism was t
he Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway, with production of CO2 from pyruvat
e carboxyl carbon. Labeling of the methyl and carboxyl carbons of acet
ate by (CO2)-C-14 or [3,4-C-14]glucose proved that acetate was formed
from CO2 by the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway, CO2 reduction accounted for ab
out one-third of the acetate formed by suspensions from subject 1 and
about one-fourth of the acetate formed by suspensions from subject 2.
Propionate was formed by a CO2 fixation pathway, and butyrate was form
ed by classical routes of acetyl-S coenzyme A condensation. The amount
of CO2 formed from [1-C-14] glucose and acetate labeling patterns obt
ained with the other C-14 precursors indicated that the Entner-Doudoro
ff, transketolase-transaldolase, and heterolactic pathways were not si
gnificant. Fermentation of cabbage cellulose by subject 1 followed the
same pathways as were used for glucose. The results with suspensions
from subject 2 suggested that some radioactive acetate was formed from
the C-3 of glucose by the Bifidobacterium pathway.