JONASSON, BRAUNWALD, AND MORANI - 3 FIRSTS IN AMERICAN SURGERY

The lives of three extraordinary surgeons who were among the earliest women in American surgery are chronicled herein. No written account ca n ever accurately reflect the hardships they suffered, or provide a tr ue measure of their courage. Despite the support of colleagues, friend s, and family, each crossed the new frontiers alone, in the face of gr eat adversity. They survived, they endured, and ultimately they triump hed. What each has given back to her chosen profession has repaid, man y times over, the training often reluctantly given. What each has conf erred to those who come after is the conviction that it can be done an d the strength to follow.