A taxonomic revision of the genus Typhonium (Araceae) in Taiwan is pro
vided in this paper. In addition to Typhonium blumei Nicolson & Sivada
san (as T. divaricatum), the only species previously reported from Tai
wan, we report our discovery of a second species, T. roxburghii Schott
, from southern Taiwan. The latter is easily distinguished from the fo
rmer in having broader leaves and slightly decurved sterile flowers. I
t was possibly unintentionally introduced and naturalized recently. A
key to the species along with a description, taxonomic notes, a line d
rawing, and a photograph is provided.