POLYMORPHISM OF DRUG-METABOLIZING-ENZYMES - GENE STRUCTURE AND ENZYME-ACTIVITY (A REVIEW)

Genetic factors are an important determinant of individual reactions t o drug administration. One reason for this is the polymorphism of xeno biotic-metabolizing enzymes. Studies of the genetically set metabolic patterns using molecular biology methods revealed alleles of correspon ding enzyme genes that determine pronounced individual and ethnic diff erences in drug metabolism. The review summarizes the data on the stru cture of cytochrome P450, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, N-acetyltransfe rase, and thiopurine S-methyltransferase genes; discusses the mutation s in these genes and their role in development of adverse reactions to drags, and considers the diagnostics for mutations impairing the enzy me activity.