Gg. Markov et Aa. Danilkin, CRANIOMETRIC DESCRIPTION OF THE ELK (ALCE S-ALCES L) IN EURASIA, Izvestia Akademii nauk SSSR. Seria biologiceskaa, (2), 1996, pp. 244-247
Comparative craniometric investigation was done on the elk in Eurasia.
Four morphological forms are distinguished, thus favoring the subdivi
sion of Alces alces L. into four subspecies: A. a. alces; A. a. camelo
ides, A. a. pfizenmayeri, and A. a. buturlini.