ADVERSE REACTIONS IN CHILDREN DURING LONG-TERM ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

Background, It is difficult to obtain reliable data on the rate of adv erse reactions caused by drugs in general use, Yet it would be importa nt to compile data on adverse reactions to long term antimicrobial the rapy. Methods. A sample of 1607 girls and 218 boys from 16 409 childre n younger than 16 years who had received long term antimicrobial thera py for recurrent urinary tract infections during 1976 to 1985 was anal yzed with regard to adverse reactions. Results. Altogether 5066 course s of treatment were given to female patients and 607 to male patients. Adverse reactions were reported in 589 courses of the 5673 (10.4%), a nd 463 courses (8.2%) were discontinued because of adverse reactions. None of the patients had serious life-threatening reactions, and none of those receiving nitrofurantoin had pulmonary problems, The most com mon adverse reactions associated with the use of nitrofurantoin were n ausea and vomiting (rate, 4.4/100 person years at risk; 95% confidence interval, 3.4 to 5.4), whereas sulfonamides caused most commonly alle rgic skin reactions (rate, 4.6; 95% confidence interval, 3.2 to 6.5), Patients younger than the age of 2 years receiving nitrofurantoin had adverse reactions more often than those who received sulfonamides, but in the age group 2 to 15 years sulfonamides caused adverse reactions leading to discontinuation of treatment more often than did nitrofuran toin. Most of the adverse reactions occurred during the first 6 months of treatment, Conclusions, We found nitrofurantoin and sulfonamides t o be safe drugs for use in long term preventive antimicrobial therapy.