OPTIMAL CONDITIONS FOR WHITE CELL-REDUCTION IN RED-CELLS BY FILTRATION AT THE PATIENTS BEDSIDE

Background: A quality control program of white cell (WBC) reduction in red cells at the bedside was implemented, based on postfiltration cou nting in a Nageotte chamber of the residual WBCs from samples taken fr om a segment of the transfusion set, after 1-in-10 sample dilution wit h Turk's solution. During a 1-year quality control program, 5.1 percen t of counted units had apparent filtration failures, that is, WBC coun ts exceeding 5 x 10(6) per unit. The cause(s) for these apparent failu res were investigated. Study Design and Methods: In Study 1, residual WBCs from 150 buffy coat-free red cells filtered through one type of f ilter at 4 degrees C, 20 to 24 degrees C, or 27 degrees C in 5 to 10 m inutes, 50 to 100 minutes, or 100 to 200 minutes were counted as descr ibed above. In Study 2, residual WBCs in samples collected from segmen ts of the transfusion set and from the postfiltration bags were counte d in parallel by a new, more sensitive counting method. In this method , 5 mL of filtered red cells was diluted with 20 mt of 3-percent paraf ormaldehyde and centrifuged, the pellet was resuspended to 500 mu L wi th a lysis solution, and the WBCs were counted in a Nageotte chamber. In Study 3, residual WBCs were counted by the 3-percent paraformaldehy de method in samples from postfiltration bags of 1- to 2-day-old buffy coat-rich red cell units filtered through a second type of filter. Fi ltration was started within 30 minutes of the removal of the unit from the refrigerator, ambient temperature was 20 to 24 degrees C, and the median filtration time was 90 minutes per unit. Results: Study 1: Med ian WBC counts per unit increased progressively from 51,000 at 4 degre es C to 934,000 at 27 degrees C, with intermediate values at 20 to 24 degrees C. In no unit did the WBC count exceed 5 x 10(6) if filtration at 20 to 24 degrees C was completed within 100 minutes, while counts in excess of 50 x 10(6) were found at 20 to 24 degrees C and at 27 deg rees C with filtration times of 100 to 200 minutes, and 50 to 100 minu tes, respectively. Study 2: The relation between segment and postfiltr ation bag WBC counts obtained by the 3-percent paraformaldehyde method was poor, with the latter being almost always lower than the former. Study 3: None of the 120 units filtered through the second type of fil ter at 20 to 24 degrees C in 50 to 100 minutes contained more than 3.2 x 10(6) WBCs; the median value was 147,000 WBCs per unit. Conclusion: On the basis of the results with the 3-percent paraformaldehyde metho d, which showed the unreliability of segment counts, a new policy was adopted for quality control of bedside WBC reduction, based on control ling the time of and temperature at transfusion. Bedside WBC reduction in 1- to 2-day-old red cells performed with the second type of filter at 20 to 24 degrees C in less than 100 minutes per unit allowed the p reparation of units that meet the standard of fewer than 5 x 10(6) WBC s in all tested cases. Bedside WBC reduction with the second type of f ilter and under the controlled conditions reported seems effective.