Professional historians generally treat the phrase 'what if' with pard
onable scorn, It is a speculation which necessarily will never be test
ed in the real world, Nevertheless, there is a reasonable likelihood t
hat, if typhoid fever had not carried off Frederick Akbar Mahomed at t
he age of 35, clinical research in Britain would have been both strong
er and more highly developed at the beginning of the 20th century, Ind
eed, if he had lived to continue his most ambitious project, we would
have had access to a unique source of clinical and epidemiological dat
a 70 years before anything similar was contemplated.