A. Vanstaveren et al., THE INFLUENCE OF THE REVERSE EARLY EFFECT ON THE PERFORMANCE OF BANDGAP REFERENCES, IEEE transactions on circuits and systems. 1, Fundamental theory andapplications, 43(5), 1996, pp. 418-421
In the literature three key-parameters are commonly used for the desig
n of bipolar bandgap references: E(G) (bandgap energy), I-S (saturatio
n current) and X(TI) (exponent of the temperature behavior of I-S). Th
is paper shows that four key parameters exist: these three and V-AR, t
he reverse Early voltage. This parameter models the influence of the b
ase-width modulation at the base-emitter junction on the collector cur
rent. A general expression for the error in the output voltage caused
by the reverse Early effect is derived and a comparison is made with o
ther errors.