A. Konrad et M. Graovac, AN APPLICATION FOR LINE ELEMENTS EMBEDDED IN A 2D OR 3D FINITE-ELEMENT MESH, IEEE transactions on magnetics, 32(3), 1996, pp. 647-650
Objects with poor aspect ratios are difficult to model with 2D or 3D f
inite elements because they require a very fine, dense mesh which lead
s to large coefficient matrices. One-dimensional line elements embedde
d in a 2D or 3D grid would mitigate this problem. Embedded line elemen
ts are economical and, if used properly, yield good solutions to elect
rostatic problems. The paper demonstrates their utility with a practic
al electrostatic application.