SEPARATING THE EFFECTS OF SORGHUM (SORGHUM-BICOLOR) AND RYE (SECALE-CEREALE) ROOT AND SHOOT RESIDUES ON WEED DEVELOPMENT

Greenhouse experiments that used capillary mat subirrigation to mainta in constant soil moisture and to supply fertilizer continuously were c onducted to evaluate the effects of sorghum or rye residue on early gr owth of barnyardgrass and velvetleaf, The separate effects of root res idue and of shoot residue were compared to the combined effects of roo t plus shoot residues and to an uncovered soil control, Residues inclu ded as nontoxic controls were leached shoot tissue and poplar excelsio r. Shoot residue, leached shoot tissue, and poplar excelsior were surf ace-applied on an equal light transmittance basis such that mass of po plar excelsior > shoot residue > leached shoot tissue, The presence of rye root residue delayed emergence of barnyardgrass, Surface-applied residues tended to decrease barnyardgrass height, but velvetleaf stem length was greater in treatments with surface residue, Although cover crop shoot residues had little effect on weed growth after 18 d, weed growth decreased in the presence of cover crop root residues and popla r excelsior.