LESSONS TO BE LEARNED FROM ATTEMPTS TO RESTORE SALVELINUS SPECIES OTHER THAN S-NAMAYCUSH - A REVIEW OF REPRODUCTIVE-BEHAVIOR

Published literature was reviewed on spawning and early rearing habita t of Salvelinus species, other than S. namaycush, for information on t he success of attempts to introduce these species into new habitats, a nd to restore these species into habitats from which they had been eli minated. Competition from other fish species, particularly coregonids and salmonids, appears to lessen the chances of successful introductio ns of these species, whether to new or previously occupied habitats. P redation by esocids, osmerids, and other salmonids is also a factor re ported to reduce the likelihood of success of introductions and restor ation attempts. Loss of spawning habitat and nursery habitat through s iltation, eutrophication, or lowered water levels are additional varia bles preventing successful introductions or reintroductions. Restorati on of historical spawning areas, or provision of new, suitable spawnin g habitat can lead to successful recruitment by introduced or reintrod uced Salvelinus species. Stocking appropriate life stages was importan t for successful introductions or reintroductions. In general, older/l arger fish were more likely to survive and reproduce after stocking.