Extreme black holes with 1/8 of unbroken N = 8 supersymmetry are chara
cterized by the nonvanishing area of the horizon. The central charge m
atrix has four generic eigenvalues. The area is proportional to the sq
uare root of the invariant quartic form of E(7(7)). It vanishes in all
cases when 1/4 or 1/2 of supersymmetry is unbroken. The supergravity
nonrenormalization theorem for the area of the horizon in the N = 8 ca
se protects the unique U-duality invariant.