This paper describes a communication model for distributed real-time o
bjects, called the Distributed Real-time Object (DRO) model. The main
characteristic of this model is the notion of least suffering. Least s
uffering assures users to be notified network and computer faults with
in a required timing constraint and supports rapid recovery from them.
Consequently, this notion allows users to construct real-time applica
tions on widely distributed environments. The notion has been implemen
ted in the programming language DROL which is an extension of C++. Thr
ough the design and implementation of a DROL programming environment o
n the ARTS kernel, we examine costs of least suffering in a network-wi
de object invocation. We also show the effectiveness of least sufferin
g, through description of application programs and discussion of their
behavior.