Fh. Splittgerber et al., LEFT-VENTRICULAR MALPOSITION OF A TRANSVENOUS CARDIOVERTER-DEFIBRILLATOR LEAD - A CASE-REPORT, PACE, 16(5), 1993, pp. 1066-1069
A case of left ventricular endocardial malposition of a transvenous im
plantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) lead through a patent foram
en ovale is presented. Diagnostic modalities include lateral chest rad
iography, echocardiography, and electrocardiographic analysis during l
ead placement. The operative therapy consists of open lead replacement
. Measures to avoid lead misplacement are suggested.