HAPPINESS IS A STOCHASTIC PHENOMENON

Happiness, or subjective well-being, was measured on a birth-record-ba sed sample of several thousand middle-aged twins using the Well-Being (WB) scale of the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire. Neither socioeconomic status, educational attainment, family income, marital s tatus, nor an indicant of religious commitment could account for more than about 3% of the variance in WB. From 44% to 52% of the variance i n WB, however, is associated with genetic variation. Based on the rete st of smaller samples of twins after intervals of 4.5 and 10 years, we estimate that the heritability of the stable component of subjective well-being approaches 80%.