CLINICAL-SIGNIFICANCE OF SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATIONS OF ALPHA-FETOPROTEIN AND DES-GAMMA-CARBOXY PROTHROMBIN IN MONITORING RECURRENCE IN PATIENTS WITH HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA

BACKGROUND. Measurements of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) concentratio n and plasma concentration of des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) have been widely used for the early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The two markers generally run parallel to each other. However, in our study, they sometimes fluctuated independently in response to t umor regression or recurrence. METHODS. A longitudinal series of conce ntrations of serum AFP and plasma DCP were determined simultaneously f or 245 patients with HCC from the time of diagnosis to tumor recurrenc e after treatment. RESULTS. Positive reactions for AFP were noted in 1 68 patients (69%) and for DCP in 126 patients (51%). One hundred and t en of 245 patients with HCC (45%) were positive for both AFP and DCP. In 35 patients (14%), these 2 tumor markers fluctuated independently i n response to tumor regression and recurrence. These patients were cat egorized into four groups as follows: Group 1 had elevated AFP only at diagnosis; it then decreased after treatment, but DCP was elevated at the time of tumor recurrence without AFP elevation (3 patients); Grou p 2 had elevated DCP at diagnosis and elevated AFP at tumor recurrence (4 patients); Group 3 had elevated AFP and DCP at diagnosis, but only AFP (8 patients) or DCP (7 patients) was elevated at tumor recurrence ; Group 4 had only elevated AFP (2 patients) or DCP (11 patients) at d iagnosis, but both AFP and DCP were elevated at tumor recurrence. CONC LUSIONS. The results of this study indicate that simultaneous determin ations of AFP and DCP are useful for monitoring recurrence in patients with HCC after treatment, and that the decrease to normal levels of a single marker does not always indicate the absence of tumor recurrenc e. (C) 1996 American Cancer Society.