The involvement of endogenous opiates in the differentiation of sexual
behavior was tested by exposing rat fetuses to continuous naltrexone
during the last 9 days of gestation. Time-mated female rats received o
ral naltrexone, 40 mg/kg/day, via their drinking water, from gestation
al day 13 until parturition. Early motor development, measured by swim
ming ability in 7-, 9-, and 11-day-old offspring of the treated dams,
was unaffected by prenatal naltrexone. Adult male offspring were given
three tests of male sexual behavior, then castrated, primed with ovar
ian hormones, and given two tests of feminine receptivity (lordosis qu
otient). Prenatal naltrexone facilitated masculine behavior and suppre
ssed feminine receptivity: latencies to first mount and to ejaculation
were shorter, mount rate was higher, and lordosis quotient was lower
in naltrexone-treated rats, compared with control animals. These findi
ngs implicate endogenous opiates in prenatal organization of sex-speci
fic behavioral dispositions.