Z. Gorka et al., EFFECT OF CHRONIC MILD STRESS ON CIRCADIAN-RHYTHMS IN THE LOCOMOTOR-ACTIVITY IN RATS, Pharmacology, biochemistry and behavior, 54(1), 1996, pp. 229-234
The purpose of this study was to assess whether the chronic mild stres
s (CMS) procedure, as a realistic animal model of depression, affects
the rhythms of the locomotor activity in rats. Rhythm parameters (peri
od, mesor, amplitude, acrophase, and percent rhythm) were estimated fr
om the best-fitted cosine function curves. Period is the length, mesor
is the mean level, amplitude (A) is the extent, acrophase is the timi
ng of the rhythm; percent rhythm represents the variability estimated
by the cosine regresion and expressed as a percentage of the total var
iability of raw data. The animals were kept on the 12 L:12 D cycle dur
ing 13 weeks of the experiment and subjected to CMS for first 4 weeks.
In week 5 the rats were under the constant light for 24 h a day (LL),
and in week 9, under the constant darkness (DD). In LD 12:12 CMS decr
eased the activity in the dark phase by approximately 50% (p < 0.01) a
nd did not change the activity in the light phase, resulting in a drop
of the 24 h activity by about 40% in comparison to controls. The ampl
itude of diurnal variations of the activity was highly statistically d
ifferent from zero at p(A = 0) < 0.0001,and the percent rhythm was in
range of 40-75% in both the CMS and control groups. The mesor and the
amplitude of the diurnal rhythm (with a period of 24 h) in the CMS rat
s were significantly (p < 0.001) lower than those in the control. In L
L, the activity of both groups was diminished about 50% during the sub
jective dark phase. On the other hand, in the subjective light phase t
he activity of CMS rats only was diminished. The percent rhythm for th
e CMS and control rats was 30 and 58%, respectively, and values of mes
or, amplitude, and acrophase for both groups were highly statistically
different. In DD, the activity in the CMS group was statistically sig
nificantly lower in both the subjective dark and light phases. In cont
rast to the results from LL, the cosine curves from DD were similarly
shifted in relation to the subjective light-dark cycle. After a restor
ation of the LD cycle the levels of the 24-h activity of both groups b
ecame equal in the 13th week, but the light and dark phase differences
between the groups were still statistically significant (p < 0.05). T
he present results indicate that CMS exerts distinct and prolonged dis
turbances of the diurnal and circadian rhythms of the locomotor activi
ty in the rats.