INTEGRATION OF ORTHOGRAPHIC, CONCEPTUAL, AND EPISODIC INFORMATION ON IMPLICIT AND EXPLICIT TESTS

An experiment was conducted to determine how orthographic and conceptu al information are integrated during incidental and intentional retrie val. Subjects studied word lists with either a shallow (counting vowel s) or deep (rating pleasantness) processing task, then received either an implicit or explicit word fragment completion (WFC) test. At test, word fragments contained 0, 1, 2, or 4 letters, and were accompanied by 0, 1, 2, or 3 semantically related words. On both the implicit and explicit tests, performance improved with increases in the numbers of letters and words. When semantic cues were presented with the word fra gments, the implicit test became more conceptually driven. Still, conc eptual processing had a larger effect in intentional than in incidenta l retrieval. The Fuzzy Logical Model of Perception (FLMP) provided a g ood description of how orthographic, semantic, and episodic informatio n were combined during retrieval.