Mathematical models for infectious diseases are of limited use in prov
iding practical help to health professionals. In this paper we discuss
computer models developed jointly by operational research mathematici
ans and clinicians to meet this need. We use the term 'operational mod
elling' to describe this pragmatic approach. The models can aid decisi
on-making at a resource planning level and can also be used by clinici
ans to monitor and improve patient care. The models incorporate uncert
ainty and variability and are therefore mathematically complex, but ar
e easy to use and provide a great deal of useful information about mor
bidity and resource use.