BILE-DUCT INJURIES IN THE ERA OF LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY

By the introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy a new field of sur gical development has been opened, resulting in the reduction of conve ntional surgical trauma, and giving the chance to the patient seeking for less postoperative pain, short hospital stay and quick return to a ctivity and work, In spite of these advantages, many laparoscopic chol ecystectomy related complications occurred, especially in the period o f the learning curve, Due to the special technical requirements, probl ems of the two dimensional vision, depth perception and hand-eye coord ination guided to injuries of the bile ducts, which reached a high rat e of 3%, This rate is ten times more when compared with conventional c holecystectomy, The authors present a detailed account of the causes o f the injuries, their typical localisation and the best way to avoid a nd treat them.